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Rhetorical Analysis essay

Rhetorical analysis scored 6/6 — annotated

Score: 6/6

Prompt (paraphrased): Read the following passage, a commencement address to graduating nurses. Analyze the rhetorical choices the speaker makes to achieve her purpose.

The essay

Addressing a room of new nurses on the morning of their graduation, Dr. Elena Ruiz could have simply congratulated them and sent them off. Instead she spends most of her speech describing a single hard night early in her own career. By anchoring her address in that one scene rather than in abstract advice, Ruiz convinces her audience that the exhaustion ahead is not a sign of failure but the ordinary texture of meaningful work.

Ruiz opens not with the graduates but with herself at their age, "twenty-two, certain of everything, and wrong about most of it." The self-deprecation is a deliberate choice of ethos. By admitting her own early arrogance before she offers a word of guidance, she disarms the natural resistance of an audience that does not want to be lectured. We trust the advice that follows precisely because she has first confessed to needing it herself.

The long middle of the speech narrates one patient, one night, in close detail — the monitor's sound, the family in the hallway, the decision she was not sure she was qualified to make. This narrative choice does the heavy lifting of her argument. Rather than telling the graduates that the work will be hard, she lets them live an hour of it, so that when she finally names the lesson — "competence is not the absence of fear; it is what you do with your hands while you are afraid" — it lands as something earned rather than asserted.

Her final turn is a shift in pronoun. For most of the speech she has said "I"; in the last paragraph she moves to "you," and then to "we." That progression is not accidental. Having used her own story to build authority, she hands the story to the graduates, folding them into a profession that includes her. The move converts a personal anecdote into a collective identity, which is exactly the purpose of a commencement address.

Ruiz never tells her audience to be brave. Through a confession that builds trust, a single sustained scene that makes the work real, and a closing shift from 'I' to 'we,' she lets the graduates arrive at that conclusion themselves — the most durable way to deliver advice to people who have just stopped being students.

How it scores, row by row

Row A — Thesis

1/1

The thesis names a defensible interpretation of the speaker's purpose and previews a line of reasoning (anchoring in one scene to reframe exhaustion). It does not just list devices.

Row B — Evidence & Commentary

4/4

Each body paragraph isolates a rhetorical choice (self-deprecating ethos, sustained narrative, pronoun shift), quotes precisely, and explains the effect on the audience. The commentary consistently answers why the choice works, which is the difference between a 3 and a 4.

Row C — Sophistication

1/1

Earns the point by showing how the choices work together toward a single purpose and by reading the pronoun shift as structural, not decorative — a genuinely complex understanding of the rhetorical situation.

The takeaway

Analysis, not summary: every paragraph here explains the effect of a choice. Notice it analyzes three well-chosen moves deeply instead of naming a dozen devices.

Want this on your own writing? Paste a draft into the AP Lang essay grader for a score on every rubric row, review how the points are awarded on the AP Lang rubric, or read the guide to the rhetorical analysis essay.

This is an original sample written for rubricfy to illustrate each score band, not an official College Board essay. rubricfy is not affiliated with or endorsed by the College Board.

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